Photo: press/official sources·Free, outside Iraq.
Nour Zuhair Jassim (al-Mudhaffar)
Businessman; owner/controller of all five recipient companies; registered MD of al-Qanit and al-Mubdioon.
Who's who
Key Figures
Names appearing on official documents and reports — role, documented acts, testimony, and status today.
Photo: press/official sources·Never charged; outside Iraq.
Shaker Mahmoud al-Zubaidi
GCT director general Jan 2020 – Aug 2021; co-mastermind per this investigation's assessment.
Photo: press/official sources·Charged; judicial status unconfirmed. [Press record]
Abdul Mahdi Tawfeeq Mahdi
Frontman for three of the five companies — and former manager of the Rafidain branch where their accounts sat.
Photo: press/official sources·Charged; at large per press reporting. [Press record]
Mohammad Falah Abdullah
Al-Qanit's authorised bank representative — the signature on the account that received the first cheque.
Photo: press/official sources·Arrested November 2022 (Kurdistan region); later status unconfirmed. [Press record]
Hussein Kawa Abdul Qadir
Frontman for Riyah Baghdad — the one who was arrested.
Photo: press/official sources·Charged; judicial status unconfirmed. [Press record]
Abdul Rahman Mohammed Ibrahim
First registered director of Badiyat al-Masaa.
Photo: press/official sources·Charged; judicial status unconfirmed. [Press record]
Moumen Abdulkareem
Documented cheque recipient among the frontmen.
Photo: press/official sources·Arrested in October 2022 in connection with the case, per press reporting; named in parliamentary findings; final judicial status unconfirmed. [Press record]
Samir Abdul Hadi Qasim
Deputy DG, then acting DG (4 Aug – 24 Sep 2021).
Photo: press/official sources·Imprisoned. Arrested January 2023; sentenced to 10 years on 14 January 2025 by the central Anti-Corruption Criminal Court for collaborating in a fraudulent cheque in favour of a private company — identified as the 'former tax authority head' of that ruling by sources with direct knowledge of the case. [Press record + Testimony]
Osama Husam Jawdat
Acting DG from 30 Sep 2021 through the theft's industrial phase.
Photo: press/official sources·Signed the report; remained in service.
Abdul Sattar Hashim Ali
Deputy DG — the counter-example.
Photo: press/official sources·To be documented.
GCT Finance Department signatories
Director, deputy, and trusts section head — signatories on the 247 cheques.
Photo: press/official sources·Named in the document trail; no known proceedings.
Ibrahim Hameed al-Zubaidi
Legal adviser at the Prime Minister's Office — the correspondence chain.
Photo: press/official sources·Never charged. [Press record]
Belal Sabah al-Hamdani
Acting director general of Rafidain Bank, 9 March – 2 December 2021 — the guardian of the state bank's money while the theft began.
Photo: press/official sources·Never charged. [Press record]
Abdul Hasan Jamal
Financial adviser to the Ministry of Finance; acting director general of Rafidain Bank from 2 December 2021 — warned in writing four times while the theft ran.
Photo: press/official sources·Reported pressure; witness.
Widad Jabbar Mariyosh
Rafidain Tax Authority branch manager.
Photo: press/official sources·No official held to account.
Federal Integrity Commission
Federal anti-corruption body.
Photo: press/official sources·No CBI official ever charged.
Central Bank of Iraq — AML directorate
Anti-money-laundering supervisor.
Photo: press/official sources·Never charged; appointed Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq (2026). [Press record]
Nizar Nasser Hussein
Director of the Central Bank's Anti-Money-Laundering Office throughout the theft — today the Governor of the Central Bank of Iraq.
Photo: press/official sources·Never investigated; in office. [Press record]
Hadi al-Amiri
Head of the Badr Organisation — the political patron at the top of the protection layer.
Photo: press/official sources·Never investigated. [Press record]
Badr Organisation
The political organisation identified as the scheme's protection layer.
Photo: press/official sources·Sentenced in absentia (3 years, November 2024); pardoned under the amended Amnesty Law (request dated 19 February 2025); whereabouts unclear. [Press record]
Haitham al-Jubouri
Chair, Parliamentary Finance Committee (2021).
Photo: press/official sources·Out of office; not investigated on this file.
Mohammed al-Halbousi
Speaker of Parliament (until 2023).
Photo: press/official sources·Still on the bench.
Judge Diaa Jaafar
Karkh integrity court judge.
Photo: press/official sources·Still in post.
Faiq Zaidan
Head of the Supreme Judicial Council.
Photo: press/official sources·Sentenced in absentia (6 years, Nov 2024); outside Iraq. [Press record]
Raed Jouhi
Director of PM al-Kadhimi's office; former chief investigative judge of the Saddam Hussein trial; head of the intelligence service July–October 2022.
Photo: press/official sources·Warrant (Mar 2023); resides in the UAE per the Integrity Commission; no public verdict. [Press record]
Mushriq Abbas
Adviser in PM al-Kadhimi's office.
Photo: press/official sources·Charged (Mar 2023) despite his role in the uncovering; exculpated by direct testimony from sources close to the investigation. [Testimony]
Ahmed Najati
Private secretary to PM al-Kadhimi — instrumental in uncovering the theft.
Photo: press/official sources·Fled Iraq; at large.
Dhia al-Musawi
Major General; intelligence officer.
Photo: press/official sources·Resigned; facing charges, per press.
Haider Hanoun
Head of the Federal Integrity Commission.
Photo: press/official sources·Fully cleared; travels to Iraq freely.
Dr Ali Allawi
Minister of Finance, May 2020 – 16 Aug 2022.
Photo: press/official sources·Cleared; out of office.
Ihsan Abdul Jabbar
Acting Minister of Finance, Aug–Oct 2022.
Photo: press/official sources·Out of office.
Mustafa al-Kadhimi
Prime Minister (2020–2022).
Photo: press/official sources·Outside Iraq.
The advisor to the Minister of Finance
Relayed the 2021 warnings and pressed for the 4 Nov order.
Photo: press/official sources·Protected.
The unnamed honest
Whistle-blowers, auditors and staff who made the uncovering possible.